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What Marshmallows Tell Us About Silicon Valley
By Alex Mayyasi · 28,311 views
Why do some people work hard while others falter?
Why does Silicon Valley produce new technologies and billion-dollar companies while efforts in other cities fail to foster entrepreneurship and brisker economies?
You could spend a career studying this question, and depending on whom you ask, you may receive contradictory answers.
But we suggest starting with a number of experiments run by Stanford psychologists in the sixties and seventies involving children and promises of marshmallows. Because the way that toddlers struggle to resist the temptation of a tasty treat, and the conclusions researchers drew from it, provides insight into what motivates individuals to work hard, Silicon Valley's secret sauce, and the roots of global poverty.
The Marshmallow Experiment
In 1960, Stanford researchers tempting young children with candy conducted some of the most iconic experiments in the history of psychology.
This was the original marshmallow experiment, which sought to understand how children develop the ability to delay gratification. To do so, the researchers brought children into a room one by one and tempted them with a five-year-old’s equivalent of Odysseus’s sirens: a marshmallow. The researchers told the children that they could have the marshmallow now. But if they waited 15 minutes without eating the marshmallow, they would earn a second.
This was not easy for the preschoolers. They fidgeted, covered their eyes to avoid seeing the treat, and, in several cases, simply ate the marshmallow immediately. One third of the kids persevered and earned themselves a second marshmallow.
Researchers and psychologists found the prospect of studying psychology with a bag of marshmallows equally alluring and published several follow-up experiments. (Researchers actually let the children choose between a marshmallow, Oreo, or pretzel stick. But it’s the marshmallows that became famous.)
One study published almost 2 decades later found that the children who delayed gratification in the marshmallow experiment scored higher in assessments such as the SAT and questionnaires filled out by parents describing their child’s academic success and ability to focus and delay gratification.
After discussing how psychologists believe that the ability to delay gratification reflects cognitive processes that are important for professional and personal success, the research team cautiously concluded that “the qualities that underlie effective self-imposed delay in preschool may be crucial ingredients of an expanded construct of ‘intelligent social behavior’ that encompasses social as well as intellectual knowledge, coping, and problem-solving competencies.”
In other words, the marshmallow test reveals whether you have the right stuff. If you can wait patiently for a second marshmallow, you can study hard at school (rather than play video games) and become a successful professional.
Revisiting the Marshmallow Test
The marshmallow test became an important part of psychology canon, and for decades, it underpinned ideas about the qualities that distinguished successful people from their peers.
But a study in 2012 suggests that the children in the experiment did not necessarily differ in their ability to resist temptation. Instead, what differed was their trust in the researcher to return with the promised reward.
In the modified experiment, researchers at the University of Rochester first gave children crayons and stickers. But they promised to return with an even better set of stickers and crayons in a few minutes if the children held off playing with the toys until the researcher returned. After the wait, one group received the promised art supplies, while the other group was told that the promised goodies could not be found.
When the researchers then presented the same children with the marshmallow test, they found that the children’s ability to resist was influenced by some shrewd thinking. The preschoolers who were told that the better stickers had been lost waited, on average, three minutes and two seconds—compared to 12 minutes and two seconds for the toddlers who’d been shown or given the better art supplies. Only one in 14 children in the first group waited the full 15 minutes and received a marshmallow, compared to nine children in the second group.
While the original marshmallow experiment concluded that the children's ability to wait for a second treat indicated an innate ability to exhibit self control, the Rochester study indicated that the ability to resist temptation was more of a rational decision based on whether they believed they could trust the researchers.
Children in the second group saw the researchers’ promises as unreliable, and they’d learned that being disciplined didn’t pay off. So why would they wait to have their marshmallow?
Photo by John Morgan
This was not the only study to suggest that children who failed the marshmallow test might lack trust rather than discipline and good character. A study run in 2013 that asked adults whether they would be willing to loan money to someone at high interest rates—essentially a hypothetical version of the marshmallow test, modified for adults—discovered that their answers depended on the trustworthiness of the loaner. And one of the first marshmallow experiments found that children who failed the marshmallow test were more likely to have absent fathers.
This suggests that the marshmallow test may reveal why some people work hard and succeed while others don’t, but for a very different reason than researchers originally believed.
How Your Environment Creates Your Work Ethic
In the marshmallow experiments, psychologists saw innate abilities of self-control behind individuals’ ability to work hard and succeed. They often failed to account for how individuals’ beliefs about the likelihood of their self-control and hard work paying off influenced their behavior.
The same can be said of many economists and business people who have sought to explain why certain countries are poor.
Muckraking through old accounts of Western scholars, businessmen, and expats easily turns up examples of people describing societies that are currently prosperous as forever doomed to be an economic backwater due to their poor work ethic. Often they blame a culture that focuses on the present and never on the future.
Consider this example of an Australian management consultant touring factories in a developing country—as described by economist Ha-Joon Chang in Bad Samaritans.
“My impression as to your cheap labor was soon disillusioned when I saw your people at work. No doubt they are lowly paid, but the return is equally so,” the Australian told his hosts. “To see your men at work made me feel that you are a very satisfied easy-going race who reckon time is no object. When I spoke to some managers they informed me that it was impossible to change the habits of national heritage.”
The Australian consultant made this observation in 1915, about a country whose income level was significantly lower than that of Australia’s. The country whose culture he was describing as irredeemably lax and lazy was… Japan.
As economist Anthony Orlando points out, it now seems absurd for someone from Australia, a country whose citizens are known for relaxing with a beer and backpacking around the world, to criticize Japanese culture for slothfulness. But this is how many westerners saw Japan a century ago, before it fully modernized and emerged as a world power.
Ha-Joon Chang goes on to observe that in 1903, the American missionary Sidney Gulick wrote that many Japanese “give an impression…of being lazy and utterly indifferent to the passage of time.” Gulick’s impression was well founded; he spent 25 years in Japan, spoke the language, and taught at universities. And he was not a bigot; he supported Asian-Americans and denounced racism on his return to the United States.
So what changed? How did Westerners go from viewing Asian countries as doomed to poverty by their laziness to fearing the “culture” of Asians’ willingness to study long hours in the race for educational opportunities and professional advancement?
As time has shown, a culture of industriousness or idleness is less of an innate inevitability and more of a reflection of economic realities. All the “lazy” people that Gulnick and the Australian consultant met were capable of working hard, studying long hours, and planning for the future, but only when opportunities existed and they trusted that hard work would pay off.
This lesson, that people work hard when they are confident that it will pay off, is simple. But it is one that is often eclipsed by perceptions of culture, innate ability, or other explanations. The influential sociologist and economist Max Weber, for example, famously attributed the economics success of American and Northern Europe to their “Protestant work ethic.”
This is less true today. High-flying economist Daron Acemoglu and his colleagues, in contrast, believe that the most important factor behind a country’s or an area’s wealth is whether its institutions incentivize people to work hard. Does a country have courts that enforce contracts and protect private property? Or is inflation rampant, with crime and corruption endangering every productive enterprise?
As Jared Diamond summarizes their view, “People are motivated to work hard if they have opportunities to invest their earnings profitably, but not if they have few such opportunities or if their earnings or profits are likely to be confiscated.”
There is no incentive to start a new company in Russia if the oligarchs who own the competition can imprison you or shut down your business via a corrupt judicial system. There is no incentive to plant more crops or improve your farm if a wealthy and well-connected person can confiscate your land.
Acemoglu suggests a simple point: people will work hard, but only if they expect to benefit from it. That expectation is widely absent (and often rightly so) in impoverished circumstances.
In contrast, the expectation that hard work will pay off may be stronger in Silicon Valley than anywhere in the world. People within the industry see constant evidence of discipline paying off. A talented colleague’s work results in a high salary or investment to start a company. Someone with an unrelated college degree learns to code and lands a great programming job.
Plenty of other factors contribute to Silicon Valley’s success. There is Stanford and UC Berkeley, a “culture of failure,” and the fact that its status as a startup mecca draws talented people. But it is the constant affirmation of industriousness that makes everyone dream up new projects and sacrifice the time and effort to try and make them real.
When a Silicon Valley programmer goes through the equivalent of the marshmallow test—a situation where he or she decides whether to delay gratification and work hard—he or she recalls the researcher returning time and again with a plush job or big bonus. When people from less prosperous circumstances go through the equivalent of the marshmallow test, they remember being fired for reasons outside their control.
This is true of people from poor countries whose institutions do not reward discipline, as well as of people from wealthy countries who feel left out of systems that reward hard work.
While a young man who graduates from the Ivy League may feel like he can found the next Instagram, a similar women or minority graduate will find fewer role models and hear stories of founders who endured biased treatment from Silicon Valley’s mostly white, male venture capitalists.
While a wealthy or middle class teenager in New York may know dozens of people whose long hours of study led them to a great college and good job, other high schoolers may only know dozens of smart, capable people who could not escape poverty traps or institutional racism.
This is why Americans' increasing pessimism and distrust about politics and the economy is of such concern. The American Dream is simply the belief that hard work will be rewarded with a good life. But confidence in the media, government, and financial system is all much lower among the general public than the elite (something represented quantitatively in the “Trust in Institutions” barometer), and social mobility is falling.
A sense that the link between hard work and prosperity is broken has been a premise of political movements from Occupy Wall Street to the Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump campaigns, and it has been a theme of President Obama’s speeches.
That is dangerous because, as we’ve seen, people decide whether to work hard, take initiative, and invest for the future based on whether they trust that it will be rewarded.
Life isn’t fair. But it helps if people believe it is.
Our next article looks back at the 1970s ad campaign that branded bottled water as "Earth's first soft drink". To get notified when we post it → join our email list.
Priceonomics ran an earlier version of this article on July 2, 2013. The lead photo of a girl with a marshmallow is by Absa Saving and Investments.
Resource: http://priceonomics.com/what-marshmallows-tell-us-about-silicon-valley/
Why do some people work hard while others falter?
Why does Silicon Valley produce new technologies and billion-dollar companies while efforts in other cities fail to foster entrepreneurship and brisker economies?
You could spend a career studying this question, and depending on whom you ask, you may receive contradictory answers.
But we suggest starting with a number of experiments run by Stanford psychologists in the sixties and seventies involving children and promises of marshmallows. Because the way that toddlers struggle to resist the temptation of a tasty treat, and the conclusions researchers drew from it, provides insight into what motivates individuals to work hard, Silicon Valley's secret sauce, and the roots of global poverty.
The Marshmallow Experiment
In 1960, Stanford researchers tempting young children with candy conducted some of the most iconic experiments in the history of psychology.
This was the original marshmallow experiment, which sought to understand how children develop the ability to delay gratification. To do so, the researchers brought children into a room one by one and tempted them with a five-year-old’s equivalent of Odysseus’s sirens: a marshmallow. The researchers told the children that they could have the marshmallow now. But if they waited 15 minutes without eating the marshmallow, they would earn a second.
This was not easy for the preschoolers. They fidgeted, covered their eyes to avoid seeing the treat, and, in several cases, simply ate the marshmallow immediately. One third of the kids persevered and earned themselves a second marshmallow.
Researchers and psychologists found the prospect of studying psychology with a bag of marshmallows equally alluring and published several follow-up experiments. (Researchers actually let the children choose between a marshmallow, Oreo, or pretzel stick. But it’s the marshmallows that became famous.)
One study published almost 2 decades later found that the children who delayed gratification in the marshmallow experiment scored higher in assessments such as the SAT and questionnaires filled out by parents describing their child’s academic success and ability to focus and delay gratification.
After discussing how psychologists believe that the ability to delay gratification reflects cognitive processes that are important for professional and personal success, the research team cautiously concluded that “the qualities that underlie effective self-imposed delay in preschool may be crucial ingredients of an expanded construct of ‘intelligent social behavior’ that encompasses social as well as intellectual knowledge, coping, and problem-solving competencies.”
In other words, the marshmallow test reveals whether you have the right stuff. If you can wait patiently for a second marshmallow, you can study hard at school (rather than play video games) and become a successful professional.
Revisiting the Marshmallow Test
The marshmallow test became an important part of psychology canon, and for decades, it underpinned ideas about the qualities that distinguished successful people from their peers.
But a study in 2012 suggests that the children in the experiment did not necessarily differ in their ability to resist temptation. Instead, what differed was their trust in the researcher to return with the promised reward.
In the modified experiment, researchers at the University of Rochester first gave children crayons and stickers. But they promised to return with an even better set of stickers and crayons in a few minutes if the children held off playing with the toys until the researcher returned. After the wait, one group received the promised art supplies, while the other group was told that the promised goodies could not be found.
When the researchers then presented the same children with the marshmallow test, they found that the children’s ability to resist was influenced by some shrewd thinking. The preschoolers who were told that the better stickers had been lost waited, on average, three minutes and two seconds—compared to 12 minutes and two seconds for the toddlers who’d been shown or given the better art supplies. Only one in 14 children in the first group waited the full 15 minutes and received a marshmallow, compared to nine children in the second group.
While the original marshmallow experiment concluded that the children's ability to wait for a second treat indicated an innate ability to exhibit self control, the Rochester study indicated that the ability to resist temptation was more of a rational decision based on whether they believed they could trust the researchers.
Children in the second group saw the researchers’ promises as unreliable, and they’d learned that being disciplined didn’t pay off. So why would they wait to have their marshmallow?
Photo by John Morgan
This was not the only study to suggest that children who failed the marshmallow test might lack trust rather than discipline and good character. A study run in 2013 that asked adults whether they would be willing to loan money to someone at high interest rates—essentially a hypothetical version of the marshmallow test, modified for adults—discovered that their answers depended on the trustworthiness of the loaner. And one of the first marshmallow experiments found that children who failed the marshmallow test were more likely to have absent fathers.
This suggests that the marshmallow test may reveal why some people work hard and succeed while others don’t, but for a very different reason than researchers originally believed.
How Your Environment Creates Your Work Ethic
In the marshmallow experiments, psychologists saw innate abilities of self-control behind individuals’ ability to work hard and succeed. They often failed to account for how individuals’ beliefs about the likelihood of their self-control and hard work paying off influenced their behavior.
The same can be said of many economists and business people who have sought to explain why certain countries are poor.
Muckraking through old accounts of Western scholars, businessmen, and expats easily turns up examples of people describing societies that are currently prosperous as forever doomed to be an economic backwater due to their poor work ethic. Often they blame a culture that focuses on the present and never on the future.
Consider this example of an Australian management consultant touring factories in a developing country—as described by economist Ha-Joon Chang in Bad Samaritans.
“My impression as to your cheap labor was soon disillusioned when I saw your people at work. No doubt they are lowly paid, but the return is equally so,” the Australian told his hosts. “To see your men at work made me feel that you are a very satisfied easy-going race who reckon time is no object. When I spoke to some managers they informed me that it was impossible to change the habits of national heritage.”
The Australian consultant made this observation in 1915, about a country whose income level was significantly lower than that of Australia’s. The country whose culture he was describing as irredeemably lax and lazy was… Japan.
As economist Anthony Orlando points out, it now seems absurd for someone from Australia, a country whose citizens are known for relaxing with a beer and backpacking around the world, to criticize Japanese culture for slothfulness. But this is how many westerners saw Japan a century ago, before it fully modernized and emerged as a world power.
Ha-Joon Chang goes on to observe that in 1903, the American missionary Sidney Gulick wrote that many Japanese “give an impression…of being lazy and utterly indifferent to the passage of time.” Gulick’s impression was well founded; he spent 25 years in Japan, spoke the language, and taught at universities. And he was not a bigot; he supported Asian-Americans and denounced racism on his return to the United States.
So what changed? How did Westerners go from viewing Asian countries as doomed to poverty by their laziness to fearing the “culture” of Asians’ willingness to study long hours in the race for educational opportunities and professional advancement?
As time has shown, a culture of industriousness or idleness is less of an innate inevitability and more of a reflection of economic realities. All the “lazy” people that Gulnick and the Australian consultant met were capable of working hard, studying long hours, and planning for the future, but only when opportunities existed and they trusted that hard work would pay off.
This lesson, that people work hard when they are confident that it will pay off, is simple. But it is one that is often eclipsed by perceptions of culture, innate ability, or other explanations. The influential sociologist and economist Max Weber, for example, famously attributed the economics success of American and Northern Europe to their “Protestant work ethic.”
This is less true today. High-flying economist Daron Acemoglu and his colleagues, in contrast, believe that the most important factor behind a country’s or an area’s wealth is whether its institutions incentivize people to work hard. Does a country have courts that enforce contracts and protect private property? Or is inflation rampant, with crime and corruption endangering every productive enterprise?
As Jared Diamond summarizes their view, “People are motivated to work hard if they have opportunities to invest their earnings profitably, but not if they have few such opportunities or if their earnings or profits are likely to be confiscated.”
There is no incentive to start a new company in Russia if the oligarchs who own the competition can imprison you or shut down your business via a corrupt judicial system. There is no incentive to plant more crops or improve your farm if a wealthy and well-connected person can confiscate your land.
Acemoglu suggests a simple point: people will work hard, but only if they expect to benefit from it. That expectation is widely absent (and often rightly so) in impoverished circumstances.
In contrast, the expectation that hard work will pay off may be stronger in Silicon Valley than anywhere in the world. People within the industry see constant evidence of discipline paying off. A talented colleague’s work results in a high salary or investment to start a company. Someone with an unrelated college degree learns to code and lands a great programming job.
Plenty of other factors contribute to Silicon Valley’s success. There is Stanford and UC Berkeley, a “culture of failure,” and the fact that its status as a startup mecca draws talented people. But it is the constant affirmation of industriousness that makes everyone dream up new projects and sacrifice the time and effort to try and make them real.
When a Silicon Valley programmer goes through the equivalent of the marshmallow test—a situation where he or she decides whether to delay gratification and work hard—he or she recalls the researcher returning time and again with a plush job or big bonus. When people from less prosperous circumstances go through the equivalent of the marshmallow test, they remember being fired for reasons outside their control.
This is true of people from poor countries whose institutions do not reward discipline, as well as of people from wealthy countries who feel left out of systems that reward hard work.
While a young man who graduates from the Ivy League may feel like he can found the next Instagram, a similar women or minority graduate will find fewer role models and hear stories of founders who endured biased treatment from Silicon Valley’s mostly white, male venture capitalists.
While a wealthy or middle class teenager in New York may know dozens of people whose long hours of study led them to a great college and good job, other high schoolers may only know dozens of smart, capable people who could not escape poverty traps or institutional racism.
This is why Americans' increasing pessimism and distrust about politics and the economy is of such concern. The American Dream is simply the belief that hard work will be rewarded with a good life. But confidence in the media, government, and financial system is all much lower among the general public than the elite (something represented quantitatively in the “Trust in Institutions” barometer), and social mobility is falling.
A sense that the link between hard work and prosperity is broken has been a premise of political movements from Occupy Wall Street to the Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump campaigns, and it has been a theme of President Obama’s speeches.
That is dangerous because, as we’ve seen, people decide whether to work hard, take initiative, and invest for the future based on whether they trust that it will be rewarded.
Life isn’t fair. But it helps if people believe it is.
Our next article looks back at the 1970s ad campaign that branded bottled water as "Earth's first soft drink". To get notified when we post it → join our email list.
Priceonomics ran an earlier version of this article on July 2, 2013. The lead photo of a girl with a marshmallow is by Absa Saving and Investments.
Resource: http://priceonomics.com/what-marshmallows-tell-us-about-silicon-valley/
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Berapa sih nilai dari blog gue DALAM DOLLAR ? http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/04/berapa-sih-nilai-dari-blog-gue-dalam.html
Need a professional writer? Fiction and non-fiction? contact richard.nata@yahoo.co.id
Let me introduce myself. My name is Richard Nata. I am an author, novelist, blogger and ghost writer. My articles, including short stories have been published in magazines and newspapers since 1994. I have written a lot of books, both fiction and non-fiction. So I was a professional in the field of writing, both fiction and non-fiction.
Need a professional writer? Fiction and non-fiction? contact richard.nata@yahoo.co.id
Let me introduce myself. My name is Richard Nata. I am an author, novelist, blogger and ghost writer. My articles, including short stories have been published in magazines and newspapers since 1994. I have written a lot of books, both fiction and non-fiction. So I was a professional in the field of writing, both fiction and non-fiction.
I was born in Jakarta, August 17, 1968.
In 1988, at the age of 20 years, I started working as an accounting staff. Age 24 years has occupied the position of Finance Manager. Age 26 years as a General Manager.
In 1994, my articles published in magazines and tabloids.
In 1997, I wrote a book entitled "Buku Pintar Mencari Kerja". This book is reprinted as much as 8 times. Through the book, the authors successfully helped tens of thousands of people get jobs at once successful in their careers. They were also successful when moving to work in other places.
In 1998, I started investing in shares on Bursa Efek Indonesia (Indonesia stock exchange). As a result of investing in the stock market then I can provide consulting services for companies that want to go public in Indonesia stock exchange.
more information :
1. IPO KAN PERUSAHAAN ANDA DI BEI, TRIK TERCEPAT MENJADIKAN ANDA SEORANG KONGLOMERAT. brand, ideas, story, style, my life: IPO KAN PERUSAHAAN ANDA DI BEI, TRIK TERCEPAT MENJADIKAN ANDA SEORANG KONGLOMERAT.
2. JASA KONSULTAN GO PUBLIC ( IPO ) DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA.
Lihat preview menurut Yahoo
In 2015, Richard Nata revise the "Buku Pintar Mencari Kerja" became BUKU PINTAR DAPAT KERJA GAJI TINGGI PINDAH KERJA GAJI SEMAKIN TINGGI
BUKU PINTAR DAPAT KERJA GAJI TINGGI PINDAH KERJA GAJI SEMAKIN TINGGI made by retyping the book BEST SELLER of the author, entitled “Buku Pintar Mencari Kerja”. This ebook available on google play.
In 2015, I had the idea of a startup company where the readers can decide for themselves the next story. WASN'T THIS A GREAT IDEA? IF can be realized WILL BE WORTH billions USD. Because CAN PRODUCE FOR MILLIONS OF DOLLARS even tens of millions USD annually.
In theory, in 10-20 years into the future, my startup income, amounting to hundreds of million USD annually can be obtained easily. AND IF FOLLOWED BY MANY COMPANIES IN THE WHOLE WORLD WILL THEN BE A NEW INDUSTRIAL worth trillions USD.
To be honest. Currently I'm not having a lot of money. So I start marketing my startup with blogspot.
My STARTUP :
I was born in Jakarta, August 17, 1968.
In 1988, at the age of 20 years, I started working as an accounting staff. Age 24 years has occupied the position of Finance Manager. Age 26 years as a General Manager.
In 1994, my articles published in magazines and tabloids.
In 1997, I wrote a book entitled "Buku Pintar Mencari Kerja". This book is reprinted as much as 8 times. Through the book, the authors successfully helped tens of thousands of people get jobs at once successful in their careers. They were also successful when moving to work in other places.
In 1998, I started investing in shares on Bursa Efek Indonesia (Indonesia stock exchange). As a result of investing in the stock market then I can provide consulting services for companies that want to go public in Indonesia stock exchange.
more information :
1. IPO KAN PERUSAHAAN ANDA DI BEI, TRIK TERCEPAT MENJADIKAN ANDA SEORANG KONGLOMERAT. brand, ideas, story, style, my life: IPO KAN PERUSAHAAN ANDA DI BEI, TRIK TERCEPAT MENJADIKAN ANDA SEORANG KONGLOMERAT.
| |||||||
2. JASA KONSULTAN GO PUBLIC ( IPO ) DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA.
| |||||||
Lihat preview menurut Yahoo
| |||||||
In 2015, Richard Nata revise the "Buku Pintar Mencari Kerja" became BUKU PINTAR DAPAT KERJA GAJI TINGGI PINDAH KERJA GAJI SEMAKIN TINGGI
BUKU PINTAR DAPAT KERJA GAJI TINGGI PINDAH KERJA GAJI SEMAKIN TINGGI made by retyping the book BEST SELLER of the author, entitled “Buku Pintar Mencari Kerja”. This ebook available on google play.
In 2015, I had the idea of a startup company where the readers can decide for themselves the next story. WASN'T THIS A GREAT IDEA? IF can be realized WILL BE WORTH billions USD. Because CAN PRODUCE FOR MILLIONS OF DOLLARS even tens of millions USD annually.
In theory, in 10-20 years into the future, my startup income, amounting to hundreds of million USD annually can be obtained easily. AND IF FOLLOWED BY MANY COMPANIES IN THE WHOLE WORLD WILL THEN BE A NEW INDUSTRIAL worth trillions USD.
To be honest. Currently I'm not having a lot of money. So I start marketing my startup with blogspot.
My STARTUP :
A story with millions of choices in it - looking investor like you.
Try to imagine this. When you're reading a story on the web or blog, you are given two choices. You can choose the next story based on your own choice. After selecting then you can continue reading the story. Shortly afterwards you will be presented back to the 2 other options. The next choice is up to you. Then you continue the story you are reading. After that you will be faced again with 2 choices. So onwards. The more stories you read so the more options you have taken.
If you feel curious then you can re-read the story by changing your selection. Then you will see a different story with the story that you have read previously. The question now is why is this so? Because the storyline will be varying according to your choice.
I, as the author is planning to make tens of thousands of articles with millions of choices in it. With tens of thousands of articles then you like to see a show of your favorite series on TV for several years. The difference is while watching your favorite TV series, then you can not change the story. Meanwhile, if you read this story then you can alter the way the story according to your own choice.
You might say like this. Sounds like a book "choose your own adventure". Books I read when I was young.
Correctly. The idea is taken from there. But if you read through a book, the story is not so exciting. Due to the limited number of pages. When a child first you may already feel interesting. But if you re-read the book now then becomes no fun anymore because you don't get anything with the amount of 100-200 pages.
Have you ever heard of game books? When you were boy or girl, did you like reading game books? I think you've heard even happy to read it.
Gamebooks are sometimes informally called choose your own adventure books or CYOA which is also the name of the Choose Your Own Adventure series published byBantam Books. Gamebook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gamebook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A gamebook is a work of fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making effective choices. The narrative branches along various paths through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages.
Bantam Books with the Choose Your Own Adventure
series has produced more than 250 million US
dollars. While I offer you more powerful than the Choose
Your Own Adventure. Because of what? Because the
story that I made much more interesting than the stories
created by the authors of Bantam Books. You will not get anything just to 100-200 pages. While the story that I created is made up of tens of thousands of articles with millions of choices in it.
For comparison are the books published with the theme "choose your own adventure" produces more than 250 million copies worldwide. If the average price of a book for 5 USD, the industry has produced more than 1.5 billion USD. But unfortunately this industry has been abandoned because the reader begins to feel bored. The last book was published entitled "The Gorillas of Uganda (prev." Search for the Mountain Gorillas ")". And this book was published in 2013.
Based on the above, then you are faced with two choices. Are you interested in reading my story is? Or you are not interested at all. The choice is in your hands.
If you are interested then spread widely disseminated this article to your family, friends, neighbors, and relatives. You can also distribute it on facebook, twitter, goggle +, or other social media that this article be viral in the world. By doing so it is a new entertainment industry has been created.
Its creator named Richard Nata.
The full articles that talks about this:
19. Start-up strategy in order to earn millions to tens of millions of dollars annually. http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/02/start-up-strategy-in-order-to-earn.html
20. Why do I need startup funds from investors? http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/why-do-i-need-startup-funds-from.html
21. slow but sure vs acceleration. http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/slow-but-sure-vs-acceleration.html
29. Start reading the story here. http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/start-reading-story-here.html
WHY DO I NEED STARTUP FUNDS FROM INVESTORS? I NEED A LOT OF FUNDS FROM INVESTORS BECAUSE I HAVE TO LOOKING FOR EXPERT PROGRAMMERS(IT).BECAUSE THE DATA IS HANDLED IS VERY LARGE, IT MAY HAVE TO WEAR SOME PROGRAMMERS(IT).
I CAN NOT WEAR SOME FREELANCE PROGRAMMER BECAUSE THE DATA MUST BE MONITORED CONTINUOUSLY FROM VIRUSES, MALWARE, SPAM, AND OTHERS.
IN ADDITION FUNDS FROM INVESTORS IS ALSO USED TO BUY SERVERS WITH VERY LARGE CAPACITY. FUNDS ARE ALSO USED TO PAY EMPLOYEE SALARIES AND OPERATIONAL COSTS OF THE COMPANY.
FUNDS CAN ALSO BE USED FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER MARKETING STRATEGIES.FUNDS CAN ALSO BE USED TO ADVERTISE MY STARTUP AND OTHER MARKETING STRATEGIES.
IF I GET A VERY LARGE FUND, THE PART OF THE FUNDS USED TO TRANSLATE THE STORY INTO VARIOUS LANGUAGES.With more and more languages, the more readers we get.
WITH MORE AND MORE READERS, THE MORE REVENUE WE GET.
AS AN INVESTOR THEN YOU DO NOT HAVE TO FEEL ANXIOUS ABOUT YOUR FUNDS. BECAUSE YOUR FUNDS WILL NEVER BE LOST BECAUSE IN 3-5 YEARS YOU HAVE RETURNED THE FUNDS COUPLED WITH PROFIT.
THIS BUSINESS IS ONE AND THE ONLY ONE IN THE WORLD.
If we can make a good story, so that the readers will
come again and again for further reading the story then
our earnings will continue to grow and will never
diminish. This is due to new readers who continued to
arrive, while long remained loyal readers become our
customers.
So that the number of our readers will continue to
multiply over time. With the increasing number of loyal
readership then automatically the amount of income we
will also grow larger every year. The same thing
happened in yahoo, google, facebook, twitter, linkedin,
and others when they still startup.
Deuteronomy {28:13} And the LORD shall make thee the
head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and
thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God, which I command thee this day, to observe and to do [them: ]
Try to imagine this. If I give a very unique story. It was the first time in the world. But the world already know this story even liked it. Because the world love the game books. While the story that I made is the development of game books.
Do you Believe if I dare say if I will succeed because my story will be famous all over the world as Harry Potter?
I believe it. Not because I was the author of the story, but because of the story that I made is unique and the only one in the world.
Income from my startup :
1. Ads. With millions of unique visitors, the price of the ads will be expensive.
3. Contribution of the readers. If you have a million readers and every reader to pay one US dollar per year then you will get the income of one million US dollars per year.
If you have a million readers and every reader to pay one US dollar per month then you will get as much revenue twelve million US dollars per year.
4. Books and Comics. After getting hundreds of thousands to the millions of readers of the story will be made in books and the form of a picture story (comics).
6. Merchandise related to characters. After the movies there will be made an offer for the sale of goods related to the characters.
7. Sales. With millions of email that we have collected from our readers so we can sell anything to them.
Each income (1-7) worth millions to tens of millions of US dollars.
Because each income (1-7) worth millions to tens of millions of US dollars. Then in 10-20 years into the future, AI will be earning hundreds of million USD annually.
So how long do you think my story that I made could gather a thousand readers? Ten thousand readers? One hundred thousand readers? A million readers? Five million readers? Ten million readers? More than ten million readers?
But to get all of it of course takes time, can not be instant. In addition, it takes hard work, big funds and placement of the right people in the right positions.
By advertising, viral marketing, strong marketing strategies and SEO then a million readers can be done in less than a year. Ten million readers can be done in two to three years.
This is the marketing strategy of my startup.
When hundreds of thousands or millions of readers already liked my story then they have to pay to enjoy the story that I made.
If you are a visionary then you will think like this.
With the help of my great name in the world of business, my expertise in marketing, advertising, marketing by mouth, viral marketing, then collecting a million readers to ten million readers will be easy to obtain. Is not that right?
The question now is what if people like my story as they like Harry Potter? You will get tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of email addresses from readers. With that much email, we can sell anything to the readers.
Since April 2013, Wikipedia has around 26 million articles in 285 languages are written by 39 million registered users and a variety of anonymous people who are not known from other parts of the world. Web ranked by Alexa, Wikipedia is a famous website number 6 which has been visited by 12% of all Internet users with 80 million visitors every month and it is only from the calculation of America.
resource : http://www.tahupedia.com/content/show/136/Sejarah-dan-Asal-Mula-Wikipedia
If no Wikipedia then need hundreds of thousands to millions of books required to make 26 million articles in 285 languages into books.
With the Wikipedia then people started to leave to read a book or books to seek knowledge about a subject or many subjects.
The same thing will happen. Read a story in a book or books to be abandoned. Read a story with millions of choices on the web or blog is far more interesting than reading a book or books.
So what happens next? In 10-20 years ahead then read a story in a book to be abandoned. Otherwise my startup will grow and continue to develop into a new entertainment industry.
New entertainment industry, where I was a forerunner startup will continue to evolve.
Therefore, in 10-20 years into the future, my startup will be earning hundreds of million USD annually.
So do not delay. Invest your money immediately to my startup. Take A Look. There are so many advantages if you want to invest in my startup.
WHY YOU SHOULD INVEST YOUR MONEY RIGHT NOW? .
IF YOU INVEST YOUR FUNDS IN ONE, TWO OR THREE YEARS INTO THE FUTURE, YOU MAY BE TOO LATE.
BECAUSE IN 1-3 YEARS INTO THE FUTURE THEN I'VE GOT THE FUNDS. THE FUNDS CAN COME FROM SOME INVESTORS, LOANS FROM BANKS OR FROM ADVERTISEMENTS POSTED ON MY BLOG.
IF I'VE GOT A LARGE AMOUNT OF FUNDS THEN I'VE NO NEED OF YOUR FUNDS. SO INVEST NOW OR NOT AT ALL.
My BLOG started to be written January 11, 2015. TODAY, MAY 30, 2015, THE NUMBER OF CLICKS HAS REACHED 56,750. SO FAR SO GOOD.
If I get big funds from investors then with a quick story that I wrote will spread throughout the world.
So I got acceleration because I can put ads in a large variety of media such as Google AdWords, Facebook, and others. I also can perform a variety of other marketing strategies.
If I do not get funding from investors then my story would still spread throughout the world. But with a longer time, Slow but sure.
So either I get funding from investors or not, the story that I wrote will remain spread throughout the world. Ha ... 7x
So don't worry, be happy.
My advice to you is you should think whether the data that I have provided to you makes sense or not .
If my data reasonable then immediately invest your funds as soon as possible.
Then we discuss how we plan further cooperation.
Thank you.
Try to imagine this. When you're reading a story on the web or blog, you are given two choices. You can choose the next story based on your own choice. After selecting then you can continue reading the story. Shortly afterwards you will be presented back to the 2 other options. The next choice is up to you. Then you continue the story you are reading. After that you will be faced again with 2 choices. So onwards. The more stories you read so the more options you have taken.
If you feel curious then you can re-read the story by changing your selection. Then you will see a different story with the story that you have read previously. The question now is why is this so? Because the storyline will be varying according to your choice.
You might say like this. Sounds like a book "choose your own adventure". Books I read when I was young.
Correctly. The idea is taken from there. But if you read through a book, the story is not so exciting. Due to the limited number of pages. When a child first you may already feel interesting. But if you re-read the book now then becomes no fun anymore because you don't get anything with the amount of 100-200 pages.
Correctly. The idea is taken from there. But if you read through a book, the story is not so exciting. Due to the limited number of pages. When a child first you may already feel interesting. But if you re-read the book now then becomes no fun anymore because you don't get anything with the amount of 100-200 pages.
Have you ever heard of game books? When you were boy or girl, did you like reading game books? I think you've heard even happy to read it.
Gamebooks are sometimes informally called choose your own adventure books or CYOA which is also the name of the Choose Your Own Adventure series published byBantam Books. Gamebook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gamebook - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A gamebook is a work of fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making effective choices. The narrative branches along various paths through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages.
| ||||||
Bantam Books with the Choose Your Own Adventure
series has produced more than 250 million US
dollars. While I offer you more powerful than the Choose
Your Own Adventure. Because of what? Because the
story that I made much more interesting than the stories
created by the authors of Bantam Books. You will not get anything just to 100-200 pages. While the story that I created is made up of tens of thousands of articles with millions of choices in it.
series has produced more than 250 million US
dollars. While I offer you more powerful than the Choose
Your Own Adventure. Because of what? Because the
story that I made much more interesting than the stories
created by the authors of Bantam Books. You will not get anything just to 100-200 pages. While the story that I created is made up of tens of thousands of articles with millions of choices in it.
For comparison are the books published with the theme "choose your own adventure" produces more than 250 million copies worldwide. If the average price of a book for 5 USD, the industry has produced more than 1.5 billion USD. But unfortunately this industry has been abandoned because the reader begins to feel bored. The last book was published entitled "The Gorillas of Uganda (prev." Search for the Mountain Gorillas ")". And this book was published in 2013.
Based on the above, then you are faced with two choices. Are you interested in reading my story is? Or you are not interested at all. The choice is in your hands.
If you are interested then spread widely disseminated this article to your family, friends, neighbors, and relatives. You can also distribute it on facebook, twitter, goggle +, or other social media that this article be viral in the world. By doing so it is a new entertainment industry has been created.
Its creator named Richard Nata.
The full articles that talks about this:
19. Start-up strategy in order to earn millions to tens of millions of dollars annually. http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/02/start-up-strategy-in-order-to-earn.html
20. Why do I need startup funds from investors? http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/why-do-i-need-startup-funds-from.html
21. slow but sure vs acceleration. http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/slow-but-sure-vs-acceleration.html
20. Why do I need startup funds from investors? http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/why-do-i-need-startup-funds-from.html
21. slow but sure vs acceleration. http://richardnata.blogspot.com/2015/05/slow-but-sure-vs-acceleration.html
WHY DO I NEED STARTUP FUNDS FROM INVESTORS? I NEED A LOT OF FUNDS FROM INVESTORS BECAUSE I HAVE TO LOOKING FOR EXPERT PROGRAMMERS(IT).BECAUSE THE DATA IS HANDLED IS VERY LARGE, IT MAY HAVE TO WEAR SOME PROGRAMMERS(IT).
I CAN NOT WEAR SOME FREELANCE PROGRAMMER BECAUSE THE DATA MUST BE MONITORED CONTINUOUSLY FROM VIRUSES, MALWARE, SPAM, AND OTHERS.
IN ADDITION FUNDS FROM INVESTORS IS ALSO USED TO BUY SERVERS WITH VERY LARGE CAPACITY. FUNDS ARE ALSO USED TO PAY EMPLOYEE SALARIES AND OPERATIONAL COSTS OF THE COMPANY.
I CAN NOT WEAR SOME FREELANCE PROGRAMMER BECAUSE THE DATA MUST BE MONITORED CONTINUOUSLY FROM VIRUSES, MALWARE, SPAM, AND OTHERS.
IN ADDITION FUNDS FROM INVESTORS IS ALSO USED TO BUY SERVERS WITH VERY LARGE CAPACITY. FUNDS ARE ALSO USED TO PAY EMPLOYEE SALARIES AND OPERATIONAL COSTS OF THE COMPANY.
FUNDS CAN ALSO BE USED FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER MARKETING STRATEGIES.FUNDS CAN ALSO BE USED TO ADVERTISE MY STARTUP AND OTHER MARKETING STRATEGIES.
IF I GET A VERY LARGE FUND, THE PART OF THE FUNDS USED TO TRANSLATE THE STORY INTO VARIOUS LANGUAGES.With more and more languages, the more readers we get.
WITH MORE AND MORE READERS, THE MORE REVENUE WE GET.
AS AN INVESTOR THEN YOU DO NOT HAVE TO FEEL ANXIOUS ABOUT YOUR FUNDS. BECAUSE YOUR FUNDS WILL NEVER BE LOST BECAUSE IN 3-5 YEARS YOU HAVE RETURNED THE FUNDS COUPLED WITH PROFIT.
THIS BUSINESS IS ONE AND THE ONLY ONE IN THE WORLD.
If we can make a good story, so that the readers will
come again and again for further reading the story then
our earnings will continue to grow and will never
diminish. This is due to new readers who continued to
arrive, while long remained loyal readers become our
customers.
come again and again for further reading the story then
our earnings will continue to grow and will never
diminish. This is due to new readers who continued to
arrive, while long remained loyal readers become our
customers.
So that the number of our readers will continue to
multiply over time. With the increasing number of loyal
readership then automatically the amount of income we
will also grow larger every year. The same thing
happened in yahoo, google, facebook, twitter, linkedin,
and others when they still startup.
multiply over time. With the increasing number of loyal
readership then automatically the amount of income we
will also grow larger every year. The same thing
happened in yahoo, google, facebook, twitter, linkedin,
and others when they still startup.
Deuteronomy {28:13} And the LORD shall make thee the
head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and
thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God, which I command thee this day, to observe and to do [them: ]
head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and
thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God, which I command thee this day, to observe and to do [them: ]
Try to imagine this. If I give a very unique story. It was the first time in the world. But the world already know this story even liked it. Because the world love the game books. While the story that I made is the development of game books.
Do you Believe if I dare say if I will succeed because my story will be famous all over the world as Harry Potter?
I believe it. Not because I was the author of the story, but because of the story that I made is unique and the only one in the world.
Income from my startup :
1. Ads. With millions of unique visitors, the price of the ads will be expensive.
3. Contribution of the readers. If you have a million readers and every reader to pay one US dollar per year then you will get the income of one million US dollars per year.
If you have a million readers and every reader to pay one US dollar per month then you will get as much revenue twelve million US dollars per year.
4. Books and Comics. After getting hundreds of thousands to the millions of readers of the story will be made in books and the form of a picture story (comics).
6. Merchandise related to characters. After the movies there will be made an offer for the sale of goods related to the characters.
7. Sales. With millions of email that we have collected from our readers so we can sell anything to them.
Each income (1-7) worth millions to tens of millions of US dollars.
Because each income (1-7) worth millions to tens of millions of US dollars. Then in 10-20 years into the future, AI will be earning hundreds of million USD annually.
So how long do you think my story that I made could gather a thousand readers? Ten thousand readers? One hundred thousand readers? A million readers? Five million readers? Ten million readers? More than ten million readers?
But to get all of it of course takes time, can not be instant. In addition, it takes hard work, big funds and placement of the right people in the right positions.
By advertising, viral marketing, strong marketing strategies and SEO then a million readers can be done in less than a year. Ten million readers can be done in two to three years.
This is the marketing strategy of my startup.
When hundreds of thousands or millions of readers already liked my story then they have to pay to enjoy the story that I made.
If you are a visionary then you will think like this.
With the help of my great name in the world of business, my expertise in marketing, advertising, marketing by mouth, viral marketing, then collecting a million readers to ten million readers will be easy to obtain. Is not that right?
The question now is what if people like my story as they like Harry Potter? You will get tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of email addresses from readers. With that much email, we can sell anything to the readers.
Since April 2013, Wikipedia has around 26 million articles in 285 languages are written by 39 million registered users and a variety of anonymous people who are not known from other parts of the world. Web ranked by Alexa, Wikipedia is a famous website number 6 which has been visited by 12% of all Internet users with 80 million visitors every month and it is only from the calculation of America.
resource : http://www.tahupedia.com/content/show/136/Sejarah-dan-Asal-Mula-Wikipedia
If no Wikipedia then need hundreds of thousands to millions of books required to make 26 million articles in 285 languages into books.
With the Wikipedia then people started to leave to read a book or books to seek knowledge about a subject or many subjects.
The same thing will happen. Read a story in a book or books to be abandoned. Read a story with millions of choices on the web or blog is far more interesting than reading a book or books.
So what happens next? In 10-20 years ahead then read a story in a book to be abandoned. Otherwise my startup will grow and continue to develop into a new entertainment industry.
New entertainment industry, where I was a forerunner startup will continue to evolve.
Therefore, in 10-20 years into the future, my startup will be earning hundreds of million USD annually.
So do not delay. Invest your money immediately to my startup. Take A Look. There are so many advantages if you want to invest in my startup.
WHY YOU SHOULD INVEST YOUR MONEY RIGHT NOW? .
IF YOU INVEST YOUR FUNDS IN ONE, TWO OR THREE YEARS INTO THE FUTURE, YOU MAY BE TOO LATE.
BECAUSE IN 1-3 YEARS INTO THE FUTURE THEN I'VE GOT THE FUNDS. THE FUNDS CAN COME FROM SOME INVESTORS, LOANS FROM BANKS OR FROM ADVERTISEMENTS POSTED ON MY BLOG.
IF I'VE GOT A LARGE AMOUNT OF FUNDS THEN I'VE NO NEED OF YOUR FUNDS. SO INVEST NOW OR NOT AT ALL.
BECAUSE IN 1-3 YEARS INTO THE FUTURE THEN I'VE GOT THE FUNDS. THE FUNDS CAN COME FROM SOME INVESTORS, LOANS FROM BANKS OR FROM ADVERTISEMENTS POSTED ON MY BLOG.
IF I'VE GOT A LARGE AMOUNT OF FUNDS THEN I'VE NO NEED OF YOUR FUNDS. SO INVEST NOW OR NOT AT ALL.
My BLOG started to be written January 11, 2015. TODAY, MAY 30, 2015, THE NUMBER OF CLICKS HAS REACHED 56,750. SO FAR SO GOOD.
If I get big funds from investors then with a quick story that I wrote will spread throughout the world.
So I got acceleration because I can put ads in a large variety of media such as Google AdWords, Facebook, and others. I also can perform a variety of other marketing strategies.
So I got acceleration because I can put ads in a large variety of media such as Google AdWords, Facebook, and others. I also can perform a variety of other marketing strategies.
If I do not get funding from investors then my story would still spread throughout the world. But with a longer time, Slow but sure.
So either I get funding from investors or not, the story that I wrote will remain spread throughout the world. Ha ... 7x
So don't worry, be happy.
So either I get funding from investors or not, the story that I wrote will remain spread throughout the world. Ha ... 7x
So don't worry, be happy.
My advice to you is you should think whether the data that I have provided to you makes sense or not .
If my data reasonable then immediately invest your funds as soon as possible.
Then we discuss how we plan further cooperation.
Thank you.
P.P.S. In addition, there is one more thing I
want to tell you. If a story can generate tens
of millions of US dollars, then what if made
P.P.S. In addition, there is one more thing I
want to tell you. If a story can generate tens
of millions of US dollars, then what if made
many stories? Then why do not you make 2, 3 or many stories? You will get hundreds of million USD annually.
many stories? Then why do not you make 2, 3 or many stories? You will get hundreds of million USD annually.
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